Synthesis of biodiesel from coconut oil
The synthesis of biodiesel from coconut oil at 60 °C, with an alcohol:oil volumetric ratio of 1:1, and 0.5% of NaOH, requires a reaction time of 90 min to ensure the conversion of triglycerides into esters. Longer reaction times do not promote conversion
Catalytic Transesterification of Coconut Oil in Biodiesel
Typically, coconut contains 10%?5% of extractable oil content, with a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) composition of C8 to C12 [ 5 ]. According to Nakpong and Wootthikanokkhan [ 12 ], in order to produce biodiesel via a two-step process, coconut oil with 12.8% FFA content can be used as feedstock.
Catalytic Transesterification of Coconut Oil in Biodiesel
Biodiesel is one of the renewable energy (RE) sources that has received much interest due to its promising properties. Recently, the use of coconut oil as biodiesel has caught the attention of many researchers. As a result, this paper presents a
Biodiesel production from refined coconut oil using hydroxide
Conversion of refined coconut oil into biodiesel was performed via transesterification with methanol at 60 C using OH-impregnated CaO as catalyst. Results show that a 66.36% conversion to biodiesel can be achieved in 10 min when 20% (w/v) NaOH solution was used during impregnation with calcination at 600 C for 2 h.
Production of 2G and 3G biodiesel, yeast oil, and sulfonated
XCMH without detoxification was used to produce yeast oil for the production of 3G biodiesel. CMS as a carbon support was rinsed with distilled water and dried at 70 C for 6 h and subsequently utilized to prepare catalyst 8]. 2.2.
A comprehensive review on the techniques for coconut oil
Coconut oil is a colourless liquid at a temperature of 30 C and above. It will be solidified at a temperature of 25 C. Solidified coconut oil is white in colour. Unrefined coconut oil reaches its smoking point at a temperature of 170 C while refined coconut oil reaches its smoking point at 232 C [ 32 ].
Biodiesel production from refined coconut oil using
Conversion of refined coconut oil into biodiesel was performed via transesterification with methanol at 60 C using OH-impregnated CaO as catalyst. Results show that a 66.36% conversion to biodiesel can be achieved in 10 min
Synthesis of biodiesel from coconut oil and characterization
The HHV value of coconut biodiesel is 38.329 kJ/kg and is lower than that of diesel at 46.365 kJ/kg because biodiesel contains approximately 10% more oxygen [6] and coconut oil contains 85% compounds with chains of 12 and 14 carbons. This aspect contributes to the decrease in the calorific value of coconut oil揵ased biodiesel.
The synthesis of biodiesel from coconut oil using novel
The reaction conditions: 18 g coconut oil, 0.54 g ILs catalysts (3% based on the mass of coconut oil), molar ratio of methanol to oil = 9:1, 373 K, 2 h, 400 rpm. As can be seen from Table 3,the catalytic activity of these catalysts was listed in the
Sustainable biodiesel generation through catalytic
It also outperforms other crushed granite aggregates in terms of impact, crushing, and abrasion resistance. 317 Furthermore, the coconut shell's high carbon content, low ash level, and great strength and hardness make it ideal for catalyst development. 318 Azizah et al. 319 developed a catalyst via sulfonation of partially carbonized coconut
